In the prequel trilogy, it was established that Anakin was the Chosen One, the person that would bring balance to the force. Anakin was aware of this role, but how much did he actually understand?

The Jedi council saw how powerful Anakin was, even as a Padawan. However, they also saw how unbalanced he was. He had great power, but as Anakin said himself to Palpatine in ROTS, he knew there were things about the force that the Jedi were not telling him about. This was likely due to Anakin's instability and the Jedi feared that teaching Anakin too much might cause their destruction. It's ironic considering that their limitations ultimately got them destroyed by Vader.

Anakin learns more about his role in the Clone Wars series when he encounters the Father, the Son, and the Daughter. The Father tells him very directly that he is the Chosen One as only the Chosen One could tame both the Son and the Daughter. However, even the Father limited Anakin's knowledge of his role. While the Son opened Anakin's eyes to his future and showed him things that, according to the Father, he should never have seen, the Father then erases those memories. 

Anakin's role as the Chosen One was never really explained. All he knew was that he was to bring balance to the force. How could he do this on his own though? What powers did he have that other Jedi lacked?

I have to wonder how much more Anakin would have learned had Qui Gon trained him. Several posts have already discussed how Anakin's training would have been more balanced and efficient had Qui Gon trained him. It was expected that Anakin might have even stayed in the light under Qui Gon's teaching. I feel that Anakin would have understood his role as the Chosen One had Qui Gon trained him properly. Qui Gon was a believer in following the will of the force. He had great knowledge of prophecies. Qui Gon likely would have explained the Chosen One prophecy to Anakin in more detail. He also would've kept Anakin more balanced in the force, with Anakin not veering too much towards the light nor the dark. This would have created more stability for Anakin in the long run. I feel that this balance might also have led him to train a bit under Mace Windu as Anakin's balance would be his asset. Windu would have been more open to teaching Anakin vaapad. 

How do you feel about Anakin's knowledge of the Chosen One prophecy? Do you feel that his experiences with the Jedi and the Ones limited his abilities to efficiently carry out his role? Should he have suffered as much as he did because of his unstable powers?